The Nervous System :: Biology, Neurons, Axon

The peripheral nervous organisation consists of two separately processing components the sensory division and the labour division. The sensory division provides appropriate responses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. Sensory neurons bring reactive responses from the outskirt to the central nervous system while the motor division conducts action capabilitys from effector organs such as muscles and glands. In contrast, motor neurons transmit action say-sos from the central nervous system toward the periphery (Seeley et al., 2005).Neurons and their Electrical ActivityThe nervous system is composed of millions of nerve cells called neurons. Neurons be the p atomic number 18nchyma of the nervous system which performs every function of the nervous system from fair sensory functions to complex thinking and analysis. Neurons, upon receipt of stimuli, transmit responsive signals to early(a) neurons or to effector organs. Clark (2005) observes that the anatomy of a neuron is composed of quaternity main parts the cell proboscis, the dendrites, the axone, and the nerve fibers. Given the importance of to each one of the neuron components, it is important to discuss how each work separately and in tandem to achieve efficient and appropriate responses in the human body. alter in diameter and containing a single nucleus, the cell body is the primitive component of the neuron. The nucleus of the neuron provides information for protein synthesis and contains most of the organelles of the neuron. Seeley et al., (2005) keep that the cell body contains large numbers of mitochondria because of its high metabolic function and also abundant rough endoplasmic reticulums which referred to as Nissl bodies.The dendrites of a neuron are cytoplasmic extensions that reach out from the cell body like arms and contain a full array of cellular organelles, such as mitochondria, chromatophilic substance, and ribosomes. The most important feature of a dendrite is its electrical activity. Dendrites receive information from other neurons and transmit them toward the cell body, then prepare electrical impulses referred to as graded potentials. Graded potentials can have change degrees of depolarization or hyperpolarization. These graded potentials arise in the dendrites or in the cell body as a result of various stimuli and are important in initiating action potentials in neurons. As the graded potential passes through a cell body, it may initiate an action potential at the base of another cytoplasmic projection which is the axon (Clark, 2005). An axon is a long cell process extending from the neuron cell body.